The answer is almost always no: you cannot rent a vehicle without a valid driver’s license.
If you can’t find your driver’s license, go to your local Department of Motor Vehicles as soon as possible. The DMV should be able to issue you a temporary license while you’re there, which can stand in for your driver’s license when renting a vehicle until your new ID arrives.
Aside from a temporary license, you may also be able to rent a vehicle without a driver’s license if you hold one of the following:
Like a temporary license, these alternative forms of identification can stand in for your driver’s license when renting a vehicle—although they won’t always work. Most commonly, the discretion to rent a vehicle belongs solely to the rental company.
If you have a disability that prevents you from driving or holding a driver’s license, you can still rent a vehicle as long as a surrogate driver with a valid license accompanies you.