What is a fuel gauge sender?
The fuel gauge sender, also referred to as the fuel sending unit, is a component found in the gas tank of most vehicles that’s responsible for sending the signal that controls the fuel level gauge on the car’s instrument cluster.
It consists of an arm, float, and a resistor that changes based on the float's position. The sender float floats on the top of the fuel inside of the gas tank. As the fuel level drops, the position of the arm and float changes and moves the resistor to control what appears on the display.
During a replacement of a fuel gauge sender, a mechanic will replace your defective one with a new one that operates properly.
Though the fuel gauge sender is a relatively simple component in your car’s fuel tank, the reading on your fuel gauge can become inaccurate if it's malfunctioning for any reason.
How do I know if my fuel gauge sender needs replacing?
Here are the most common symptoms of a bad fuel gauge sender:
Your fuel gauge only ever reads empty
Your fuel gauge only ever reads full
Your fuel gauge reads inaccurately or inconsistently
Remember that if you’re receiving inaccurate readings, it’s not always because the sending unit is faulty. A bad connection with the signal wire from the fuel gauge sender or a poor grounding wire can also lead to inaccurate readings. You might also have a blown fuel gauge fuse.
Troubleshooting this issue is often a professional job, but if you have a multimeter at home, you can use it to self-test the voltage of the fuel gauge wire—the multimeter should be set to 20V DC. If the fuel gauge is not receiving 12 volts, check for signs of damage or a loose connection.
How often should you change your fuel gauge sender?
For drivers looking to save money on car expenses
, you shouldn’t have to worry about replacing your fuel gauge sender after a set interval. They’re designed to last for the vehicle's lifespan, but in some cases, they may become faulty or fail. However, some vehicles have standalone senders, while others have it built into their fuel pump assembly. If you have a standalone sender, replacing it is often easier and cheaper.
If you suspect a problem with your fuel gauge sender, have a mechanic look at it when your car is serviced.
Can I replace the fuel gauge sender myself?
If you’re car-savvy and have experience working with electrical and fuel parts in a car and want a DIY project, you might be able to replace the fuel gauge sender yourself. However, fuel gauge work is slightly complicated and time-consuming, so if you’re not confident working on cars, it’s probably better left to a professional mechanic.