What Kind of Transmission Fluid Do I Need?

Automatic, manual, and CVT vehicles require different fluids to keep the transmission functioning well—here’s what you need to know.
Written by Bonnie Stinson
Reviewed by Melanie Reiff
Your vehicle’s make, model, and transmission type determine which type of transmission fluid you need. Synthetic ATF is the most common type of fluid today, but you should check your owner’s manual to determine the right fluid for your vehicle.
When you realize that the service interval for transmission fluid is up to 100,000 miles—and some vehicles don’t have a dipstick for easy access—you can see why drivers are confused by transmission maintenance. But transmission fluid is just as important as motor oil.
To keep your car or truck running smoothly, you need the proper transmission fluid. This article explains what transmission fluid does, the basic types of transmission fluid by make, and a quick overview of additives.
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What does transmission fluid do?

The basic function of transmission fluid is to lubricate the transmission. This lubrication reduces wear and tear and fights oxidation. Automatic transmission fluid (ATF) also acts as a coolant.
Here are a few other ways that transmission fluid helps a car run smoothly:
  • Cleans metal surfaces
  • Conditions gaskets
  • Facilitates rotational speed
  • Prevents high temperatures
All vehicle manufacturers have specific fluid specifications for vehicles in their fleet. Additives and modifiers are balanced to provide peak performance, depending on the model.
The kind of transmission determines the type of transmission fluid required. Your owner’s manual will indicate which type of fluid your transmission requires, including viscosity and recommended brand. It will also indicate the interval for how often a fluid change should be performed.

Types of transmission fluid

There are full-synthetic and synthetic fluid blend options, as well as specialty fluids like Type-F, hypoid, and HFM. Dexron, Mercon, and ATF+4 are the three most common types of automatic transmission fluid. 
The most important thing you need to know is the type of transmission and the make, model, and year of the vehicle.

Manual, automatic, and CVT fluid 

If you have a manual transmission, you must engage the clutch to shift manually. These vehicles need MTF, which is amber-colored like engine oil.
If you have an automatic transmission, the gears shift on their own as required. These vehicles need synthetic ATF, such as Dexron, Mercon, and ATF+4 which is usually reddish-orange in color.
If you have a continuously variable transmission (CVT), there is an unlimited number of gear ratios. These changes happen infinitely and continuously as the vehicle’s owner navigates the road. CVTs are more efficient than automatic transmissions, resulting in better fuel economy.
You should also know about multi-vehicle synthetic transmission fluid. Though not endorsed by any specific manufacturer, this fluid is intended for use in many different automatic transmissions.
HFM (Highly Friction Modified) fluids are used in many vehicles such as the
Honda Accord
,
Buick Encore
,
Mazda 3
, and more. 
Type-F fluid does not include friction modifiers. It’s mostly vintage Ford vehicles with bronze clutches that require Type-F fluid.
Note that Mercon V is synthetic fluid, whereas Mercon (no V) indicates a Dexron III/Mercon ATF.

Transmission fluid types by car make

Based on the manufacturer, you can begin to determine which type of transmission fluid your vehicle may need. Here’s a quick guide to transmission fluid types of car make.

For Honda and Acura

Honda and Acura vehicles typically use Z-1 (older version) and DW-1 (synthetic upgraded version). You can use DW-1 in vehicles that require Z-1, but not the other way around.

For Chevy, Buick, and GMC

Chevy, Buick, GMC, Cadillac, Saturn, Oldsmobile, and Pontiac vehicles typically use Dexron
Dexron is usually backward compatible in auto transmissions. In other words, if your owner’s manual indicates that you should use Dexron III, you should ask your mechanic about using Dexron VI.

For Ford, Lincoln, Mercury, and some Mazda cars

Ford, Lincoln, Mercury, and some Mazda vehicles typically use Mercon. If you drive a pre-1977 vintage Ford vehicle, you may need Type-F.

For Chrysler, Dodge, and Jeep 

Chrysler, Dodge, and Jeep vehicles should use synthetic ATF+3 or ATF+4, depending on the specific model. 

For Toyota and Lexus 

If you drive a newer Toyota or Lexus, you can use synthetic T4 ATF. Pre-2005 Toyota and Lexus vehicles may call for Dexron III. Call a dealership to purchase OE (Original Equipment) fluids.

For Hyundai, Mitsubishi, and Kia 

Hyundai, Mitsubishi, and Kia vehicles typically need SP ATFs. Make sure to find a product that is formulated for your 4, 5, or 6-speed transmission.

For Subaru and Nissan

Newer Subaru and Nissan vehicles may need Subaru ATF, ATF-HP, or Matic ATF (S, K, D, or J type). Pre-2005 Subarus used Dexron III and pre-2005 Nissans typically used Dexron II. Ask your mechanic about compatibility with Dexron VI before your next transmission flush.
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Benefits of additives in transmission fluid

You may be able to improve the performance of your transmission fluid with optional additives. Additives are bought separately and may help reduce sludge formation, prevent leaks, and soften worn seals.
These products are cheaper and easier than a full transmission flush, although some experts recommend against them.
Additives can be especially beneficial for vehicles that tow heavy leads, withstand extreme temperatures and road conditions, or accrue high mileage.

How to extend the life of your transmission

To extend the life of your transmission, you should get the transmission serviced regularly according to the interval in your owner’s manual. Think of it like oil changes, but the service interval is much longer (usually between 50,000 and 100,000 miles).
In a
transmission service
, the technician will start by checking your transmission fluid level. If your vehicle has a dipstick, the level will be easily apparent. If there is no dipstick, the vehicle must be raised on jack stands. Then, the fluid will be topped up or flushed completely, depending on the needs of the vehicle.
Note that some vehicles and fluids may be covered by warranty.

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Owning a car comes with some guaranteed hassles—like getting a transmission flush, or scraping bird poop off your windshield.
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FAQs

It can be dangerous to use the wrong type of transmission fluid. Poor lubrication may lead to overheating, which could irreparably damage the transmission. Transmission repair is highly expensive. To avoid this situation, follow the advice in your owner’s manual and consult with a mechanic if you need assistance.
Because automatic transmissions run hotter than manual transmissions, a special kind of fluid is needed for automatic transmissions that lubricate as well as cools. Manual transmission can accept more types of fluid, so long as it protects the metal synchronizers.
Thermal stability is the main benefit of synthetic transmission fluid. When the temperature is kept at a stable level, the transmission can operate smoothly with minimal wear and tear. This will prolong the life of the part and produce better performance.
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